DNA Isolation Practical Class 12
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DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a molecule found in every living organism, from the tiniest bacteria to the largest whale. It is often referred to as the "genetic code of life" because it contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, function, and reproduce. DNA is composed of two long chains made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). The sequence of these bases along the DNA strand encodes genetic information.
Isolating DNA from a banana is a fascinating experiment that allows you to extract and visualize this genetic material. Here's a simplified step-by-step guide on how to perform DNA isolation from a banana:
Materials Needed:
1. Ripe banana
2. Table salt (sodium chloride)
3. Dishwashing detergent (mild, without additives)
4. Raw papaya
5. Ethanol (chilled in the freezer)
6. A coffee filter or muslin cloth
7. A funnel
8. A test tube or small glass container
9. Wooden stick or skewer
10. A plastic or glass stirring rod
11. Measuring spoons
Steps:
1) Prepare the Banana: Peel a ripe banana and cut it into small pieces. The riper the banana, the better, as it will contain more DNA.
2) Mash the Banana: Try to break down the fruit as much as possible.
3) Prepare a Banana Puree: Add 1-2 tablespoons of table salt and 2-3 teaspoons of dishwashing detergent to the mashed banana in the bag. The salt helps to break down cell membranes, and the detergent helps to dissolve the lipids in the cell membrane.
4) Filter the Banana Mixture using a muslin cloth. You should be left with a liquid containing DNA.
5) Precipitate the DNA: Gently pour ethanol (chilled in the freezer or at least 99% concentration) down the side of the test tube, forming a separate layer on top of the banana mixture. Do not mix them.
6) Observe the DNA Precipitation: You should see stringy, white strands appearing at the interface between the banana mixture and the ethanol. These are the DNA strands precipitating out of the solution.
This experiment provides a basic introduction to DNA isolation and can be an educational and enjoyable activity. Keep in mind that the extracted DNA won't be pure and is not suitable for advanced genetic analysis, but it's a great way to understand the concept of DNA extraction.
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