Warfarin (Coumadin) – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings

Warfarin (Coumadin) – Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings
Warfarin, also known as Coumadin and Jantoven, is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat blood clots. It is commonly prescribed for conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, mechanical heart valves, and post-surgical clot prevention. Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, reducing blood coagulation. Common side effects include bleeding, gastrointestinal issues, allergic reactions, hair loss, and rarely, purple toe syndrome. Severe bleeding, unusual pain or swelling, and severe headache require immediate medical attention. The dosage of warfarin is tailored based on the patient's INR, typically starting at 5-10 mg per day and adjusting to 2-10 mg per day. Regular blood tests are essential to monitor INR levels. Warfarin interacts with many medications, supplements, and foods, particularly those high in vitamin K, and alcohol, affecting its efficacy and safety. Patients must maintain consistent vitamin K intake, and inform healthcare providers of all medications and upcoming surgeries. Warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy and requires careful management to avoid serious bleeding risks.
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